Peptides in this category relate to cellular energy production, mitochondrial function, and exercise-associated signaling. Research often examines pathways involved in how cells generate and use energy, adapt to physical stress, and regulate metabolism at the mitochondrial level. These compounds are discussed in educational contexts around endurance, metabolic efficiency, aerobic capacity, and the biology of exercise adaptation, with much of the evidence coming from preclinical and animal models and the degree of human data varying by compound.
